Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh 12 bài 3 (Câu gián tiếp)

Câu gián tiếp: ( Reported speech / Indirect speech )

 

-Câu gián tiếp dùng để tường thuật lại lời nói trực tiếp từ người thứ nhất đến người thứ ba thông qua người thứ hai

Một số lưu ý khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp:

1.Cần nhớ các cách thay đổi:

-Thay đổi về thì: Thông thường , động từ trong câu gián tiếp sẽ đ ược lùi về một thì so với câu trực tiếp

Direct Speech                                               Reported Speech

Simple present                                               Simple past

 

Present continuous                                              Past continuous

 

Present perfect                                                      Past perfect

 


Simple past                                                           Past perfect

 

Past continuous                                                     Past perfect continuous

 

Simple future                                                          Future in the past  ( S + would + V)

 

 

Conditional sentence type 1                                  Conditional sentence type 2

 

Conditional sentence type 2                                     Unchanged             

Conditional sentence type 3   

 

-Đổi các từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn sao cho nghĩa các câu gián tiếp hợp lý , rõ ràng

Direct speech                  Indirect speech

This                                     That

These                                   Those

 

Here                                     There

Now                                       Then

Today                                   That day

 

Ago                                        Before

 

Tomorrow                            The next day / The following day

 

The day after tomorrow                         In two days' time

 

Yesterday                                                The day before / The previous day

 

The day before yesterday                      Two days before

 

Next week                                               The following week /The next week

 

Last week                                               The previous week/ The week before

 

Last year                                                The previous year / the year before

 

2. Câu mệnh lệnh và câu yêu cầu: thường dùng các động từ sau trong câu gián tiếp:

told, asked, ordered, suggested

 

-Tell sb to do something

-Ask sb to do something

-Order sb to do something

-Suggest that sb should do / do something

-Suggest + Ving

-Suggest sb doing something

Eg1: He said to me: “Do it”

                     He told me to do it

Eg 2: He said to me :" Telephone me, please "

                      He asked me to telephone him

Eg3: “Don't be late for the meeting tomorrow”, he said to them

                     He told them not to be late for the meeting the following day

Eg 4: “Be calm , will you?” she said to us

                     She ordered us to be calm

Eg 5: “ Let 's go swimming now” they said

                     They suggested that they should go swimming then

Eg 6: They said:” Let 's not drink a lot of wine when we feel tired

                    They suggested not drinking a lot of wine when we feel tired

Eg 7: She said: “ Let him go to school”. “ He will be late for school”

                   She suggested him going to school

 

  3.Câu hỏi trong lời nói trực tiếp:

 

a. Câu hỏi bắt đầu WHO, WHOM, WHAT, WHICH, WHERE, WHEN, WHY, HOW

 

Chú ý : Đảo chủ ngữ lên trước động từ chính, bỏ trợ động từ

Eg 1: “What is you name?” my teacher asked me

            My teacher asked me what my name was

Eg 2: “ Where does she live?” they said to me

             They asked me where she lived

Eg 3: “ Why did you go to school late?” he said to me

               He asked me why I had gone to school late

 

b.Câu hỏi với YES- NO question như : BE, HAVE, HAD, CAN, COULD, DO, DOES : dùng Whether hoặc If

Eg 1: “Is she your sister?”Miss Hoa asked me

                 Miss Hoa asked me if she was my sister

Eg 2: The police said to her “ Can you drive?”

                  The police asked her if she could drive

Eg 3: “ Does Alice understand Vietnamese?” they wanted to know

                 They wanted to know if / weather Alice understood Vietnamese

 

Lưu ý: Whether dùng để diễn tả sự lựa chọn và được thay thế bởi “or”

 

Eg 1: Do you want to go by air or or by sea ?

                He asked whether I wanted to go by air or by sea

Eg 2: Do you want to ensure your car or not?

              He asked whether or not I wanted to ensure my car or not

 

c.Câu cảm thán:

 

-Các câu cảm thán dùng những động từ như : exclaim, greet, remark, cry out , complain,.... tuỳ theo nghĩa của câu cảm thán

Eg1 : “What a beautiful skirt”

          She exclaimed that the skirt was beautiful

Eg 2: “ Hello ,John! Where are you going now?” she said

         She greeted John and asked him where he was going then

Eg 3: “ Oh! I have lost all money” he cried

      He cried out that he had lost all of money

Eg 4 : “ Oh dear, my toothache is getting worse” she said

          She complained that her toothache is getting worse

Eg 5 : “ Good!” he exclaimed

         He gave an exclamation that her toothache was getting worse

Eg 6: He said to me: “ Thank you very much”

       He thanked me very much

Eg 7 : They said to tourists: “ Welcome!”

        They welcomed tourists

Eg 8: He said : “ Happy birthday”

           He wished me happy birthday

Eg 9 : They said : “Clown”

        They called me a clown

d.Shall/ would dùng để diễn tả một yêu cầu:

 

Eg 1 : “Will you help me, please?” she told me

         She asked me to help her

Eg 2:” Will you lend me your English dictionary?” Mai told me

           Mai asked me to lend her my English dictionary

 

e. Shall / Would dùng để diễn tả một đề nghị , một lời mời

 

Eg 1 : “ Shall I bring you some food?” the waiter said to me